Did you know that the fundamental backbone of computers, the stuff that actually represents the bits, are nanoscale electronic devices? We're talking about electronics with features the size ~ 10 atoms! For the past 50+ years, computers have gotten faster because we've been able to make these devices faster and smaller, but it's hard to imagine making them even smaller than a couple atoms, so how do we continue improving computing? In this course, I'll give a brief intro on how computers work at the fundamental device level and a historic overview of how computers have gotten faster over time. Then I'll discuss what next generation computer devices might look like with perspectives on 3D nanoelectronics, new materials, quantum computing, and brain-inspired neuromorphic computing.